Recognizing a web of events

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Organization

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Events

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Ontologies

A list from Raphaël Troncy

to do

Zhengj3 13:08, 30 June 2009 (EDT) [to meet with Jim]

  • the understanding of the problem: the general problem and the specific problem you will solve this summer
  • existing proposals and their limitations
  • read comm paper.
  • check Troncy's publication list, list all related work.
  • follow the citations to find more paper.


17:42, 14 July 2009 (EDT)

  • foaf, semantic rss
  • event ontology

Zhengj3 14:50, 16 July 2009 (EDT)

  • print ontologies, categorize classes, compare models: important concepts, unneccessary concepts.
  • draft an ontology.


14:29, 30 June 2009 (EDT)Zhengj3

For still image:

Format Capabilities Limitations Comments
VRA Core consists of a metadata element set (units of information such as title, location, date, etc.), as well as an initial blueprint for how those elements can be hierarchically structured. The element set provides a categorical organization for the description of works of visual culture as well as the images that document them. http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/VRA_Core4_Outline.pdf
EXIF covers metadata related to the capture of the image and the context situation of the capturing, image data structure, capturing information, general tags, recording offset, image data characteristics, maybe GPS information
NISO basic image parameters, image creation, imaging performance assessment, history. intended to facilitate the development of applications to validate, manage, migrate, and otherwise process images of enduring value
DIG35 "standard set of metadata for digital images" which promotes interoperability and extensibility, as well as a "uniform underlying construct to support interoperability of metadata between various digital imaging devices.", Basic Image Parameter, Image Creation, Content Description, History, Intellectual Property Rights, Funcamental Metadata Types and Fields
PhotoRDF three different schemas, a Dublin Core, a technical schema and a content schema. it covers only a small set of properties, creator, editor, title, date of publishing, etc. the content schema defines a very small set of keywords that shall be used in the "subject" field of the Dublin Core schema. less properties than exif

Audio Content

Format Capabilities Limitations Comments
ID3 metadata container used and embedded with an MP3 audio file format. It allows to state information about the title, artist, album, etc. about a song.
MusicBrainz Metadata Initiative 2.1 The core set is capable of expressing basic music related metadata such as artist, album, track, etc.). Instances in RDF are being made available via a query language.
MusicXML designed as an interchange format for notation, analysis, and retrieval for music notation nd digital sheet music applications

Audio-Visual Content

Format Capabilities Limitations Comments
MPEG-7 the standard has been designed for a broad range of applications and thus employs very general and widely applicable concepts. The standard contains a large set of tools for diverse types of annotations on different semantic levels. The flexibility is very much based on the structuring tools and allows the description to be modular and on different levels of abstraction. MPEG-7 supports fine grained description, and it provides the possibility to attach descriptors to arbitrary segments on any level of detail of the description. Two main problems arise in the practical use of MPEG 7 from its flexibility and comprehensiveness: complexity and limited interoperability. The complexity is a result of the use of generic concepts, which allow deep hierarchical structures, the high number of different descriptors and description schemes, and their flexible inner structure.The interoperability problem is a result of the ambiguities that exist because of the flexible definition of many elements in the standard (e.g. the generic structuring tools)
AAF allows the interchange of data between multimedia authoring tools. AAF supports the encapsulation of both metadata and essence, but its primary purpose involves the description of authoring information. supports storing event-related information (e.g. time-based user annotations and remarks) or specific authoring instructions.
MXF optimized for the interchange of material for the content creation industries. allows applications to know the duration of the file, what essence codecs are required, what timeline complexity is involved and other key points to allow interchange.
SMIL enabling simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. SMIL is used to describe scenes with streaming audio, streaming video, still images, text or any other media type. SMIL can be integrated with other web technologies such as XML, DOM, SVG, CSS and XHTML. allows authors to describe documents with a very basic vocabulary (meta element; inherited from SMIL 1.0), and in its recent version the specification introduces new capabilities for describing metadata using RDF.
SVG describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector/raster graphics in XML. It allows for describing scenes with vector shapes (e.g. paths consisting of straight lines, curves), text, and multimedia (e.g. still images, video, audio).
NewsML-G2 provide a single generic model for exchanging all kinds of newsworthy information, thus providing a framework for a future family of IPTC news exchange standards.
TVAnytime They have extended the MPEG-7 vocabulary with higher-level descriptors, such as, for example, the intended audience of a program or its broadcast conditions.
MPEG-21 The MPEG-21 standard consists of 18 parts of which the following are the most relevant for the scope of the MMSEM-XG:

Part 2, Digital Item Declaration (DID), provides an abstract model and an XML-based representation thereof which is used to define Digital Items. The DID Model defines digital items, containers, fragments or complete resources, assertions, statements, choices/selections, and annotations on digital items. Part 3, Digital Item Identification and Description (DII), is concerned with the ability to identify and refer to complete or partial Digital Items. Part 5, Rights Expression Language (REL), provides a machine-readable language to declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary. Part 17, Fragment Identification for MPEG Media Types, specifies a syntax for identifying parts (e.g., track of a CD/DVD) of MPEG resources via Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).

EBU P/Meta for programme exchange in the professional broadcast industry. Metadata: Identification, Technical metadata, programme description and classification, creation and production information, rights and contract information, publication information.

Multimedia Ontologies

Format Capabilities Limitations Comments
VRA - RDF/OWL mapping from VRA Core to RDF/OWL
Exif - RDF/OWL to represent the Exif metadata tags in an RDF-S ontology.
DIG35 - RDF/OWL provides an OWL Schema covering the entire DIG35 specification
MPEG-7 - RDF/OWL MPEG-7 Upper MDS Ontology: available in OWL-Full. The ontology covers the upper part of the Multimedia Description Scheme (MDS) part of the MPEG-7 standard. It comprises about 60 classes and 40 properties.

MPEG-7 MDS Ontology: this MPEG-7 ontology covers the full Multimedia Description Scheme (MDS) part of the MPEG-7 standard. It contains 420 classes and 175 properties. This is an OWL DL ontology. MPEG-7 Ontology: This ontology aims to cover the whole standard and it thus the most complete one (with respect to the previous mentioned). It contains finally 2372 classes and 975 properties. This is an OWL Full ontology. Core Ontology for Multimedia: COMM is an OWL DL ontology. It is composed of multimedia patterns specializing the DOLCE design patterns for Descriptions & Situations and Information Objects. The ontology covers a very large part of the MPEG-7 standard. The explicit representation of algorithms in the multimedia patterns allows also to describe the multimedia analysis steps, something that is not possible in MPEG-7.

no commonly agreed upon mapping to RDF/OWL
Mindswap Image Region Ontology The ontology defines concepts including image, video, video frame, region, as well as relations such as depicts, regionOf, etc. Using these concepts and their associated properties, it is therefore possible to assert that an image/imageRegion depicts some instance, etc.

12:21, 3 July 2009 (EDT)

12:10, 6 July 2009 (EDT)Zhengj3

Steffen Staab - http://www.uni-koblenz.de/~staab/

Comparsion of event ontology

Name of Ontology Advantage/What it can do Disadvantage/What it can't do
F Model
the event ontology
CIDOC CRM model
ABC Ontology
DOLCE+DnS
Our Event Ontology
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