Artz2007survey lebo question

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CSCI 6965 Emerging Trends in Semantic Technologies (Spring 2010)

Contents 1 Question 2 Notes 2.1 trust is 2.2 trust is not 2.3 types of trust 2.4 trust to 2.5 trust modeled by 2.6 trust factors

Question

The authors establish the contexts in which "trust" is important by identifying a unifying theme among the works they reviewed:

"[trust is] only worth modeling when there is a possibility of deception, that is, when there is a chance 
of a different outcome than what is expected or has been agreed upon."

The paper enumerates a variety of definitions for trust, qualifies what trust is not, distinguishes types of trust, suggests when trust is needed, and outlines factors involved in determining trust. The authors conclude their extensive review with a very sobering claim:

"Trust may be better seen as a motivating concept underlying many problems and contexts 
rather than a precise idea to be studied under a uniform framework."

If trust cannot be studied under a uniform framework, what alternative approaches should researchers develop to better understand -- and develop -- the many facets of trust?

-Tim Lebo

Answer by Alvaro My impression is that their vision of "trust" is comparable to the definition of "design": is a broad concept that covers several activities which are not necessarily related (think of industrial design versus fashion design). In that sense it is necessary to think of them as loosely coupled research lines: While the may share some basic principles (and even some objectives under certain circumstances) I think we should consider them as different research lies.

Notes

trust is

• authentication
• proof of reasoning
• origins of data
• competence to act
• dependable action
• access control
• willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another
• subjective expectation
• a way to deal with uncertainty
• belief that one agent will not gain at the disadvantage of the other
• turning claims into facts
• method of dealing with uncertainty
• a way to deal with conflicts (2)
• needed to make decisions when information is non-authoritative
• for decreasing complexity

trust is not

• security
• cryptography

types of trust

• hard security
• basic, over all contexts
• general, between two people and all their contexts occurring together
• situational, between two people in a specific context
• trust among strangers
• entity's ability vs how entity will perform
• content-based
• trust in a source vs trust in a specific piece of content by that source

trust to

• choose a service
• choose an information source
• select among contradicting / handle conflicts

trust modeled by

• reputation (based on history of interactions - first and third person)
  • agents make own decision
• policies (if, then actions/outcomes)
  • agents rely upon central authority
  • how to determine trust, when, for what

trust factors

• given query
• gov vs private citizen
• objective vs editorial opinion
• prior knowledge
• context
• competence
• beliefs
• risk (2)
• importance (2)
• utility (2)
• provenance of information (2) - details regarding the sources and origins of info (author, publisher, citations)
• sacrifice of privacy
• trust in "both directions"
• loss of control of information
• requester role (2) (trade, dependency, competition, and collaboration)
• (presence or type of) credentials (and trust in credential issuer)
• egocentric estimation trust
• global estimation of trust
• those who are trusted and distrusted
• topic, domain of knowledge
• similarity of requesting agent and fulfilling agent
  • similarly trusting
  • similarly trusted
• ability to give accurate information
• willingness to expend the effort
• adherence to honest behavior
• predictability
• requester vulnerability
• actions match claims
• openness (do not keep secrets)
• equal respect among diversity
• pay attention to individuals
• reciprocity (be nice to others who are nice to you)
• time / recency (2)
• performing task vs providing good service or being high quality
• agent knowing he is trusted vs agent not knowing trust level
• prior experiences (positive/negative)
• alignment with background knowledge
• agent stance: optimism, pessimism, centralized, investigation, transitivity
• information link topology
• frequency of occurrence of information
• ignorance (having no info to derive trust)
• true facts vs subjective opinions
• local community's use or dismissal of information resources
• clearness and correctness of sources behind information
• presentation style: page layout, graphics
• target of trust (users logging in, services being used, a document)

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