Acm computing classification system 1998

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A. General Literature
- A.0 GENERAL
  - Category:Biographies/autobiographies
  - Category:Conference proceedings
  - Category:General literary works (e.g., fiction, plays)
- A.1 INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY
- A.2 REFERENCE (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
- A.m MISCELLANEOUS
B. Hardware
- B.0 GENERAL
- B.1 CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING ([#D.3.2 D.3.2])
  - B.1.0 General
  - B.1.1 Control Design Styles
  - B.1.2 Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
  - B.1.3 Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.1.4 Microprogram Design Aids ([#D.2.2 D.2.2], [#D.2.4 D.2.4], [#D.3.2 D.3.2], [#D.3.4 D.3.4])
  - B.1.5 Microcode Applications
  - B.1.m Miscellaneous
- B.2 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
  - B.2.0 General
  - B.2.1 Design Styles ([#C.1.1 C.1.1], [#C.1.2 C.1.2])
  - B.2.2 Performance Analysis and Design Aids ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.2.3 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.2.4 High-Speed Arithmetic File:New.gif
    - Category:Algorithms File:New.gif
    - Category:Cost/performance File:New.gif
  - B.2.m Miscellaneous
- B.3 MEMORY STRUCTURES
  - B.3.0 General
  - B.3.1 Semiconductor Memories File:New.gif ([#B.7.1 B.7.1])
  - B.3.2 Design Styles ([#D.4.2 D.4.2])
    - Category:Associative memories
    - Category:Cache memories
    - Category:Interleaved memories
    - Category:Mass storage (e.g., magnetic, optical, RAID)
    - Category:Primary memory
    - Category:Sequential-access memory
    - Category:Shared memory
    - Category:Virtual memory
  - B.3.3 Performance Analysis and Design Aids ([#B.8 B.8], [#C.4 C.4])
  - B.3.4 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.3.m Miscellaneous
- B.4 INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
  - B.4.0 General
  - B.4.1 Data Communications Devices
    - Category:Processors
    - Category:Receivers (e.g., voice, data, image)
    - Category:Transmitters
  - B.4.2 Input/Output Devices
  - B.4.3 Interconnections (Subsystems)
    - Category:Asynchronous/synchronous operation
    - Category:Fiber optics
    - Category:Interfaces
    - Category:Parallel I/O File:New.gif
    - Category:Physical structures (e.g., backplanes, cables, chip carriers)
    - Category:Topology (e.g., bus, point-to-point)
  - B.4.4 Performance Analysis and Design Aids ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.4.5 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.4.m Miscellaneous
- B.5 REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION
  - B.5.0 General
  - B.5.1 Design
    - Category:Arithmetic and logic units
    - Category:Control design
    - Category:Data-path design
    - Category:Memory design
    - Category:Styles (e.g., parallel, pipeline, special-purpose)
  - B.5.2 Design Aids
  - B.5.3 Reliability and Testing ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.5.m Miscellaneous
- B.6 LOGIC DESIGN
  - B.6.0 General
  - B.6.1 Design Styles
  - B.6.2 Reliability and Testing ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.6.3 Design Aids
  - B.6.m Miscellaneous
- B.7 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
  - B.7.0 General
  - B.7.1 Types and Design Styles
  - B.7.2 Design Aids
  - B.7.3 Reliability and Testing ([#B.8 B.8])
  - B.7.m Miscellaneous
- B.8 PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY File:New.gif ([#C.4 C.4])
  - B.8.0 General File:New.gif
  - B.8.1 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance File:New.gif
  - B.8.2 Performance Analysis and Design Aids File:New.gif
  - B.8.m Miscellaneous File:New.gif
- B.m MISCELLANEOUS
  - Category:Design management
C. Computer Systems Organization
- C.0 GENERAL
- C.1 PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES
  - C.1.0 General
  - C.1.1 Single Data Stream Architectures
  - C.1.2 Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
    - Category:Array and vector processors
    - Category:Associative processors
    - Category:Connection machines
    - Category:Interconnection architectures (e.g., common bus, multiport memory, crossbar switch)
    - Category:Multiple-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (MIMD)
    - Category:Parallel processors
    - Category:Pipeline processors
    - Category:Single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (SIMD)
  - C.1.3 Other Architecture Styles
  - C.1.4 Parallel Architectures File:New.gif
    - Category:Distributed architectures File:New.gif
    - Category:Mobile processors File:New.gif
  - C.1.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Analog computers
    - Category:Hybrid systems
- C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  - C.2.0 General
  - C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
  - C.2.2 Network Protocols
  - C.2.3 Network Operations
  - C.2.4 Distributed Systems
  - C.2.5 Local and Wide-Area Networks revised.gif
    - Category:Access schemes
    - Category:Buses
    - Category:Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD) new.gif
    - Category:High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM) new.gif
    - Category:Internet (e.g., TCP/IP) new.gif
    - Category:Token rings File:Revised.gif]]
  - C.2.6 Internetworking File:New.gif ([#C.2.2 C.2.2])
    - Category:Routers File:New.gif
    - Category:Standards (e.g., TCP/IP) new.gif
  - C.2.m Miscellaneous
- C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS ([#J.7 J.7])
- C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
- C.5 COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
  - C.5.0 General
  - C.5.1 Large and Medium (``Mainframe]]) Computers
    - Category:Super (very large) computers
  - C.5.2 Minicomputers
  - C.5.3 Microcomputers
    - Category:Microprocessors
    - Category:Personal computers
    - Category:Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants) new.gif
    - Category:Workstations
  - C.5.4 VLSI Systems
  - C.5.5 Servers File:New.gif
  - C.5.m Miscellaneous
- C.m MISCELLANEOUS
D. Software
- D.0 GENERAL
- D.1 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES ([#E E])
  - D.1.0 General
  - D.1.1 Applicative (Functional) Programming
  - D.1.2 Automatic Programming ([#I.2.2 I.2.2])
  - D.1.3 Concurrent Programming
    - Category:Distributed programming
    - Category:Parallel programming
  - D.1.4 Sequential Programming
  - D.1.5 Object-oriented Programming
  - D.1.6 Logic Programming
  - D.1.7 Visual Programming
  - D.1.m Miscellaneous
- D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ([#K.6.3 K.6.3])
  - D.2.0 General ([#K.5.1 K.5.1])
    - Category:Protection mechanisms
    - Category:Standards
  - D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications ([#D.3.1 D.3.1])
    - Category:Elicitation methods (e.g., rapid prototyping, interviews, JAD) new.gif
    - Category:Languages
    - Category:Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured) revised.gif
    - Category:Tools
  - D.2.2 Design Tools and Techniques revised.gif
  - D.2.3 Coding Tools and Techniques revised.gif
  - D.2.4 Software/Program Verification revised.gif ([#F.3.1 F.3.1])
  - D.2.5 Testing and Debugging
    - Category:Code inspections and walk-throughs
    - Category:Debugging aids
    - Category:Diagnostics
    - Category:Distributed debugging File:New.gif
    - Category:Dumps
    - Category:Error handling and recovery
    - Category:Monitors
    - Category:Symbolic execution
    - Category:Testing tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing) revised.gif
    - Category:Tracing
  - D.2.6 Programming Environments
  - D.2.7 Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement revised.gif
  - D.2.8 Metrics ([#D.4.8 D.4.8])
  - D.2.9 Management ([#K.6.3 K.6.3], [#K.6.4 K.6.4])
  - D.2.10 Design ([#D.2.2 D.2.2])
    - Category:Methodologies
    - Category:Representation
  - D.2.11 Software Architectures File:New.gif
    - Category:Data abstraction File:New.gif
    - Category:Domain-specific architectures File:New.gif
    - Category:Information hiding File:New.gif
    - Category:Languages (e.g., description, interconnection, definition) new.gif
    - Category:Patterns (e.g., client/server, pipeline, blackboard) new.gif
  - D.2.12 Interoperability File:New.gif
  - D.2.13 Reusable Software File:New.gif
  - D.2.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Rapid prototyping
    - Category:Reusable software
- D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
  - D.3.0 General
    - Category:Standards
  - D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory ([#D.2.1 D.2.1], [#F.3.1 F.3.1], [#F.3.2 F.3.2], [#F.4.2 F.4.2], [#F.4.3 F.4.3])
    - Category:Semantics
    - Category:Syntax
  - D.3.2 Language Classifications
  - D.3.3 Language Constructs and Features ([#E.2 E.2])
  - D.3.4 Processors
  - D.3.m Miscellaneous
- D.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS ([#C C])
  - D.4.0 General
  - D.4.1 Process Management
  - D.4.2 Storage Management
  - D.4.3 File Systems Management ([#E.5 E.5])
  - D.4.4 Communications Management ([#C.2 C.2])
  - D.4.5 Reliability
  - D.4.6 Security and Protection ([#K.6.5 K.6.5])
    - Category:Access controls
    - Category:Authentication
    - Category:Cryptographic controls
    - Category:Information flow controls
    - Category:Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
    - Category:Security kernels
    - Category:Verification
  - D.4.7 Organization and Design
  - D.4.8 Performance ([#C.4 C.4], [#D.2.8 D.2.8], [#I.6 I.6])
  - D.4.9 Systems Programs and Utilities
  - D.4.m Miscellaneous
- D.m MISCELLANEOUS
  - Category:Software psychology
E. Data
- E.0 GENERAL
- E.1 DATA STRUCTURES
- E.2 DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
- E.3 DATA ENCRYPTION
  - Category:Code breaking File:New.gif
  - Category:Data encryption standard (DES)
  - Category:Public key cryptosystems
  - Category:Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)]] File:New.gif
- E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY ([#H.1.1 H.1.1])
- E.5 FILES ([#D.4.3 D.4.3], [#F.2.2 F.2.2], [#H.2 H.2])
- E.m MISCELLANEOUS
F. Theory of Computation
- F.0 GENERAL
- F.1 COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES
  - F.1.0 General
  - F.1.1 Models of Computation ([#F.4.1 F.4.1])
    - Category:Automata (e.g., finite, push-down, resource-bounded)
    - Category:Bounded-action devices (e.g., Turing machines, random access machines)
    - Category:Computability theory
    - Category:Relations between models
    - Category:Self-modifying machines (e.g., neural networks)
    - Category:Unbounded-action devices (e.g., cellular automata, circuits, networks of machines)
  - F.1.2 Modes of Computation
  - F.1.3 Complexity Measures and Classes revised.gif ([#F.2 F.2])
  - F.1.m Miscellaneous
- F.2 ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY ([#B.6 B.6], [#B.7 B.7], [#F.1.3 F.1.3])
  - F.2.0 General
  - F.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems ([#G.1 G.1], [#G.4 G.4], [#I.1 I.1])
    - Category:Computation of transforms (e.g., fast Fourier transform)
    - Category:Computations in finite fields
    - Category:Computations on matrices
    - Category:Computations on polynomials
    - Category:Number-theoretic computations (e.g., factoring, primality testing)
  - F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems ([#E.2 E.2], [#E.3 E.3], [#E.4 E.4], [#E.5 E.5], [#G.2 G.2], [#H.2 H.2], [#H.3 H.3])
  - F.2.3 Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures ([#F.1.3 F.1.3])
  - F.2.m Miscellaneous
- F.3 LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS
  - F.3.0 General
  - F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs ([#D.2.1 D.2.1], [#D.2.4 D.2.4], [#D.3.1 D.3.1], [#E.1 E.1])
  - F.3.2 Semantics of Programming Languages ([#D.3.1 D.3.1])
  - F.3.3 Studies of Program Constructs ([#D.3.2 D.3.2], [#D.3.3 D.3.3])
  - F.3.m Miscellaneous
- F.4 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES
  - F.4.0 General
  - F.4.1 Mathematical Logic ([#F.1.1 F.1.1], [#I.2.2 I.2.2], [#I.2.3 I.2.3], [#I.2.4 I.2.4])
  - F.4.2 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems ([#D.3.1 D.3.1])
    - Category:Decision problems
    - Category:Grammar types (e.g., context-free, context-sensitive)
    - Category:Parallel rewriting systems (e.g., developmental systems, L-systems)
    - Category:Parsing
    - Category:Thue systems
  - F.4.3 Formal Languages ([#D.3.1 D.3.1])
    - Category:Algebraic language theory
    - Category:Classes defined by grammars or automata (e.g., context-free languages, regular sets, recursive sets)
    - Category:Classes defined by resource-bounded automata
    - Category:Decision problems
    - Category:Operations on languages
  - F.4.m Miscellaneous
- F.m MISCELLANEOUS
G. Mathematics of Computing
- G.0 GENERAL
- G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
- G.2 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
  - G.2.0 General
  - G.2.1 Combinatorics ([#F.2.2 F.2.2])
  - G.2.2 Graph Theory ([#F.2.2 F.2.2])
  - G.2.3 Applications File:New.gif
  - G.2.m Miscellaneous
- G.3 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
- G.4 MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
- G.m MISCELLANEOUS
  - Category:Queueing theory
H. Information Systems
- H.0 GENERAL
- H.1 MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
  - H.1.0 General
  - H.1.1 Systems and Information Theory ([#E.4 E.4])
  - H.1.2 User/Machine Systems
  - H.1.m Miscellaneous
- H.2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT ([#E.5 E.5])
  - H.2.0 General
    - Category:Security, integrity, and protection
  - H.2.1 Logical Design
  - H.2.2 Physical Design
  - H.2.3 Languages ([#D.3.2 D.3.2])
  - H.2.4 Systems
  - H.2.5 Heterogeneous Databases
    - Category:Data translation
    - Category:Program translation
  - H.2.6 Database Machines
  - H.2.7 Database Administration
  - H.2.8 Database Applications
  - H.2.m Miscellaneous
- H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
  - H.3.0 General
  - H.3.1 Content Analysis and Indexing
  - H.3.2 Information Storage
    - Category:File organization
    - Category:Record classification
  - H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval
  - H.3.4 Systems and Software
    - Category:Current awareness systems (selective dissemination of information--SDI)
    - Category:Distributed systems File:New.gif
    - Category:Information networks
    - [[:Category:Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness) new.gif
    - Category:Question-answering (fact retrieval) systems
    - Category:User profiles and alert services File:New.gif
  - H.3.5 Online Information Services
  - H.3.6 Library Automation
    - Category:Large text archives
  - H.3.7 Digital Libraries File:New.gif
  - H.3.m Miscellaneous
- H.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
  - H.4.0 General
  - H.4.1 Office Automation ([#I.7 I.7])
    - Category:Desktop publishing File:New.gif
    - Category:Equipment
    - Category:Groupware File:New.gif
    - Category:Spreadsheets
    - Category:Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)
    - Category:Word processing
    - Category:Workflow management File:New.gif
  - H.4.2 Types of Systems
    - Category:Decision support (e.g., MIS)
    - Category:Logistics
  - H.4.3 Communications Applications
  - H.4.m Miscellaneous
- H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI) ([#I.7 I.7])
  - H.5.0 General
  - H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems
  - H.5.2 User Interfaces ([#D.2.2 D.2.2], [#H.1.2 H.1.2], [#I.3.6 I.3.6])
    - Category:Auditory (non-speech) feedback File:New.gif
    - Category:Benchmarking File:New.gif
    - Category:Ergonomics
    - Category:Evaluation/methodology
    - Category:Graphical user interfaces (GUI) File:New.gif
    - Category:Haptic I/O File:New.gif
    - Category:Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
    - Category:Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)
    - Category:Natural language File:New.gif
    - Category:Prototyping File:New.gif
    - Category:Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)
    - Category:Standardization File:New.gif
    - Category:Style guides File:New.gif
    - Category:Theory and methods
    - Category:Training, help, and documentation
    - Category:User-centered design File:New.gif
    - Category:User interface management systems (UIMS)
    - Category:Voice I/O File:New.gif
    - Category:Windowing systems
  - H.5.3 Group and Organization Interfaces
  - H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia File:New.gif ([#I.7 I.7], [#J.7 J.7])
  - H.5.5 Sound and Music Computing File:New.gif ([#J.5 J.5])
  - H.5.m Miscellaneous]] File:New.gif
- H.m MISCELLANEOUS
I. Computing Methodologies
- I.0 GENERAL
- I.1 SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION revised.gif
  - I.1.0 General
  - I.1.1 Expressions and Their Representation ([#E.1 E.1], [#E.2 E.2])
    - Category:Representations (general and polynomial)
    - Category:Simplification of expressions
  - I.1.2 Algorithms ([#F.2.1 F.2.1], [#F.2.2 F.2.2])
  - I.1.3 Languages and Systems ([#D.3.2 D.3.2], [#D.3.3 D.3.3], [#F.2.2 F.2.2])
  - I.1.4 Applications
  - I.1.m Miscellaneous
- I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
  - I.2.0 General
    - Category:Cognitive simulation
    - Category:Philosophical foundations
  - I.2.1 Applications and Expert Systems ([#H.4 H.4], [#J J])
  - I.2.2 Automatic Programming ([#D.1.2 D.1.2], [#F.3.1 F.3.1], [#F.4.1 F.4.1])
  - I.2.3 Deduction and Theorem Proving ([#F.4.1 F.4.1])
    - Category:Answer/reason extraction
    - Category:Deduction (e.g., natural, rule-based)
    - Category:Inference engines File:New.gif
    - Category:Logic programming
    - Category:Mathematical induction
    - Category:Metatheory
    - Category:Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
    - Category:Resolution
    - [[:Category:Uncertainty, ``fuzzy,]] and probabilistic reasoning]]
  - I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods ([#F.4.1 F.4.1])
  - I.2.5 Programming Languages and Software ([#D.3.2 D.3.2])
    - Category:Expert system tools and techniques
  - I.2.6 Learning ([#K.3.2 K.3.2])
  - I.2.7 Natural Language Processing
  - I.2.8 Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search ([#F.2.2 F.2.2])
  - I.2.9 Robotics
  - I.2.10 Vision and Scene Understanding ([#I.4.8 I.4.8], [#I.5 I.5])
  - I.2.11 Distributed Artificial Intelligence
  - I.2.m Miscellaneous
- I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
  - I.3.0 General
  - I.3.1 Hardware Architecture ([#B.4.2 B.4.2])
  - I.3.2 Graphics Systems ([#C.2.1 C.2.1], [#C.2.4 C.2.4], [#C.3 C.3])
  - I.3.3 Picture/Image Generation
  - I.3.4 Graphics Utilities
  - I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
  - I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques
  - I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
  - I.3.8 Applications
  - I.3.m Miscellaneous
- I.4 IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION revised.gif
  - I.4.0 General
    - Category:Image displays
    - Category:Image processing software
  - I.4.1 Digitization and Image Capture revised.gif
  - I.4.2 Compression (Coding) ([#E.4 E.4])
    - Category:Approximate methods
    - Category:Exact coding
  - I.4.3 Enhancement
  - I.4.4 Restoration
  - I.4.5 Reconstruction
  - I.4.6 Segmentation
  - I.4.7 Feature Measurement
  - I.4.8 Scene Analysis
  - I.4.9 Applications
  - I.4.10 Image Representation
  - I.4.m Miscellaneous
- I.5 PATTERN RECOGNITION
  - I.5.0 General
  - I.5.1 Models
  - I.5.2 Design Methodology
  - I.5.3 Clustering
    - Category:Algorithms
    - Category:Similarity measures
  - I.5.4 Applications
  - I.5.5 Implementation ([#C.3 C.3])
    - Category:Interactive systems
    - Category:Special architectures
  - I.5.m Miscellaneous
- I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING ([#G.3 G.3])
  - I.6.0 General
  - I.6.1 Simulation Theory
  - I.6.2 Simulation Languages
  - I.6.3 Applications
  - I.6.4 Model Validation and Analysis
  - I.6.5 Model Development
    - Category:Modeling methodologies
  - I.6.6 Simulation Output Analysis
  - I.6.7 Simulation Support Systems
    - Category:Environments
  - I.6.8 Types of Simulation
  - I.6.m Miscellaneous
- I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING revised.gif ([#H.4 H.4], [#H.5 H.5])
  - I.7.0 General
  - I.7.1 Document and Text Editing revised.gif
  - I.7.2 Document Preparation
  - I.7.3 Index Generation
  - I.7.4 Electronic Publishing NEW! ([#H.5.4 H.5.4], [#J.7 J.7])
  - I.7.5 Document Capture NEW!([#I.4.1 I.4.1])
  - I.7.m Miscellaneous
- I.m MISCELLANEOUS
J. Computer Applications
- J.0 GENERAL
- J.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING
- J.2 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
- J.3 LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
- J.4 SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
- J.5 ARTS AND HUMANITIES
- J.6 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
  - Category:Computer-aided design (CAD)
  - Category:Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
- J.7 COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS ([#C.3 C.3])
- J.m MISCELLANEOUS
K. Computing Milieux
- K.0 GENERAL
- K.1 THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY
- K.2 HISTORY OF COMPUTING
- K.3 COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION
  - K.3.0 General
  - K.3.1 Computer Uses in Education
  - K.3.2 Computer and Information Science Education
  - K.3.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Accreditation
    - Category:Computer literacy
- K.4 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
  - K.4.0 General
  - K.4.1 Public Policy Issues
  - K.4.2 Social Issues
  - K.4.3 Organizational Impacts
  - K.4.4 Electronic Commerce File:New.gif ([#J.1 J.1])
  - K.4.m Miscellaneous
- K.5 LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING
  - K.5.0 General
  - K.5.1 Hardware/Software Protection revised.gif
  - K.5.2 Governmental Issues
  - K.5.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Contracts
    - Category:Hardware patents
- K.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
  - K.6.0 General
    - Category:Economics
  - K.6.1 Project and People Management
  - K.6.2 Installation Management
  - K.6.3 Software Management ([#D.2.9 D.2.9])
  - K.6.4 System Management
  - K.6.5 Security and Protection ([#D.4.6 D.4.6], [#K.4.2 K.4.2])
    - Category:Authentication
    - Category:Insurance
    - Category:Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
    - Category:Physical security
    - Category:Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)]] File:New.gif
  - K.6.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Insurance
    - Category:Security
- K.7 THE COMPUTING PROFESSION
  - K.7.0 General
  - K.7.1 Occupations
  - K.7.2 Organizations
  - K.7.3 Testing, Certification, and Licensing
  - K.7.4 Professional Ethics File:New.gif ([#K.4 K.4])
  - K.7.m Miscellaneous
    - Category:Codes of good practice
    - Category:Ethics
- K.8 PERSONAL COMPUTING
  - Category:Games
  - K.8.0 General
    - Category:Games
  - K.8.1 Application Packages
  - K.8.2 Hardware
  - K.8.3 Management/Maintenance
  - K.8.m Miscellaneous File:New.gif
- K.m MISCELLANEOUS

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